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Teleportation

This nOde last updated December 30th, 2006 and is permanently morphing...
(5 Caban (Earth) / 10 K'ank'in - 57/260 - 12.19.13.16.17)

that unambiguously demonstrate this phenomenon.  The cartoons shown at this and other sites (below) clearly show how the principle works - it's fairly simple and doesn't require pages of prose or mathematics to explain..  I suppose one can always argue that the world is flat based on one's experience in very local geometry or space-time; or that experience in general is open to interpretation.  But the facts of the matter are that there is a broad consensus among theoretical and experimental physicists, that the phenomenon of non-locality is an experimentally (or experientally) confirmed fact.  If you want to convince yourself of the truth in this statement, just spend a little time reviewing the literature (peer reviewed journals)..

IBM and quantum teleportation research.  Teleportation is the name given by science fiction writers to the feat of making an object or person disintegrate in one place while a perfect replica appears somewhere else. How this is accomplished is usually not explained in detail, but the general idea seems to be that the original object is scanned in such a way as to extract all the information from it, then this information is transmitted to the receiving location and used to construct the replica, not necessarily from the actual material of the original, but perhaps from atoms of the same kinds, arranged in exactly the same pattern as the original. A teleportation machine would be like a fax machine, except that it would work on 3-dimensional objects as well as documents, it would produce an exact copy rather than an approximate facsimile, and it would destroy the original in the process of scanning it. A few science fiction writers consider teleporters that preserve the original, and the plot gets complicated when the original and teleported versions of the same person meet; but the more common kind of teleporter destroys the original, functioning as a super transportation device, not as a perfect replicator of souls and bodies.

Two years ago an international group of six scientists, including IBM Fellow Charles H. Bennett, confirmed the intuitions of the majority of science fiction writers by showing that perfect teleportation is indeed possible in principle, but only if the original is destroyed. Meanwhile, other scientists are planning experiments to demonstrate teleportation in microscopic objects, such as single atoms or photons, in the next few years. But science fiction fans will be disappointed to learn that no one expects to be able to teleport people or other macroscopic objects in the foreseeable future, for a variety of engineering reasons, even though it would not violate any fundamental law to do so. Until recently, teleportation was not taken seriously by scientists, because it was thought to violate the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, which forbids any measuring or scanning process from extracting all the information in an atom or other object. According to the uncertainty principle, the more accurately an object is scanned, the more it is disturbed by the scanning process, until one reaches a point where the object's original state has been completely disrupted, still without having extracted enough information to make a perfect replica. This sounds like a solid argument against teleportation: if one cannot extract enough information from an object to make a perfect copy, it would seem that a perfect copy cannot be made. But the six scientists found a way to make an end-run around this logic, using a celebrated and paradoxical feature of quantum mechanics known as the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect. In brief, they found a way to scan out part of the information from an object A, which one wishes to teleport, while causing the remaining, unscanned, part of the information to pass, via the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect, into another object C which has never been in contact with A. Later, by applying to C a treatment depending on the scanned-out information, it is possible to maneuver C into exactly the same state as A was in before it was scanned. A itself is no longer in that state, having been thoroughly disrupted by the scanning, so what has been achieved is teleportation, not replication. The unscanned part of the information is conveyed from A to C by an intermediary object B, which interacts first with C and then with A. What? Can it really be correct to say "first ith C and then with A"? Surely, in order to convey something from A to C, the delivery vehicle must visit A before C, not the other way around. But there is a subtle, unscannable kind of information that, unlike any material cargo, and even unlike ordinary information, can indeed be delivered in such a backward fashion. This subtle kind of information, also called "Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlation" or "entanglement", has been at least partly understood since the 1930s when it was discussed in a famous paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen. In the 1960s John Bell showed that a pair of entangled particles, which were once in contact but later move too far apart to interact directly, can exhibit individually random behavior that is too strongly correlated to be explained by classical statistics. Experiments on photons and other particles have repeatedly confirmed these correlations, thereby providing strong evidence for the validity of quantum mechanics, which neatly explains them. Another well-known fact about EPR correlations is that they cannot by themselves deliver a meaningful and controllable message. It was thought that their only usefulness was in proving the validity of quantum mechanics. But now it is known that, through the phenomenon of quantum teleportation, they can deliver exactly that part of the information in an object which is too delicate to be scanned out and delivered by conventional methods. This figure compares conventional facsimile transmission with quantum teleportation (see above). In conventional facsimile transmission the original is scanned, extracting partial information about it, but remains more or less intact after the scanning process. The scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is imprinted on some raw material (eg paper) to produce an approximate copy of the original. In quantum teleportation two objects B and C are first brought into contact and then separated. Object B is taken to the sending station, while object C is taken to the receiving station.  At the sending station object B is scanned together with the original object A which one wishes to teleport, yielding some information and totally disrupting the state of A and B. The scanned information is sent to the receiving station, where it is used to select one of several treatments to be applied to object C, thereby putting C into an exact replica of the former state of A. To learn more about quantum teleportation, see the following articles:

     C.H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crepeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. Wootters, "Teleporting an  Unknown Quantum State via Dual Classical and EPR Channels", Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 70, pp  1895-1899 (1993)      (the original 6-author research article).
     Tony Sudbury, "Instant Teleportation", Nature vol.362, pp 586-587 (1993) (a semipopular  account).
     Ivars Peterson, Science News, April 10, 1993, p. 229. (another semipopular account).
     Samuel Braunstein, A fun talk on teleportation

"the music is different here, the vibrations are different... not like planet earth... planet earth sound of guns, anger, frustration... there is no one to talk to on planet earth to understand... it would affect their vibrations, for the better of course... equation wise, the first thing to do is consider time as officially ended... we'll work on the other side of time... we'll bring them here through either isotope, teleportation, transmolecularzation... or better still, teleport the whole planet here through music..."

- Sun Ra in the film _Space Is The Place_ (vhs/ntsc)
 
  

New Scientist
Teleporting larger objects becomes real possibility
19:00 06 February 02
Anil Ananthaswamy

The dream of teleporting atoms and molecules - and maybe even larger objects - has become a real possibility for the first time. The advance is thanks to physicists who have suggested a method that in theory could be used to "entangle" absolutely any kind of particle.

Quantum entanglement is the bizarre property that allows two particles to behave as one, no matter how far apart they are. If you measure the state of one particle, you instantly determine the state of the other. This could one day allow us to teleport objects by transferring their properties instantly from one place to another.

Until now, physicists have only been able to entangle photons, electrons and atoms, using different methods in each case. For instance, atoms are entangled by forcing them to interact inside an optical trap, while photons are made to interact with a crystal.

"These schemes are very specific," says Sougato Bose of the University of Oxford. But Bose and Dipankar Home, of the Bose Institute in Calcutta, have now demonstrated a single mechanism that could be used to entangle any particles, even atoms or large molecules.

Beam splitter

To see how it works, consider the angular momentum or "spin" of an electron. To entangle the spins of two electrons, you first need to make sure they're identical in all respects but their spin. Then you shoot the electrons simultaneously into a beam splitter.

This device "splits" each electron into a quantum state called a superposition, which gives it an equal probability of travelling down either of two paths. Only when you try to detect the electron do you know which path it took. If you split two electrons simultaneously, both paths could have one electron each (which will happen half of the time) or either path could have both.

Bose and Home show mathematically that whenever one electron is detected in each path, they will be entangled. While a similar effect has been demonstrated before for photons, the photons used were already entangled in another way, even before they reached the beam splitter.

"One of the advances we have made is that these two particles could be from completely independent sources," says Bose.

Massive particles

The technique should work for any objects - atoms, molecules and who knows what else - as long as you can split the beam into a quantum superposition.

Anton Zeilinger, a quantum physicist at the University of Vienna in Austria, has already shown that this quantum state is possible with buckyballs - football-shaped molecules of C60. Although entangling such large objects is beyond our technical abilities at the moment, this is the first technique that might one day make it possible.

Any scheme that expands the range of particles that can be entangled is important, says Zeilinger. Entangling massive particles would mean they could then be used for quantum cryptography, computing and even teleportation.

"It would be fascinating," he says. "The possibility that you can teleport not just quantum states of photons, but also of more massive particles, that in itself is an interesting goal."

• Anomalog: Teleportation Through Printers
• _Lightning Teleportation_ MP3 by Bill Laswell off of _Points Of Order_ on Innerhythmic (2001)
• ambient track _No Jumping Up & Down/Spooky Action At A Distance_ MP3 by Beatsystem off of _2297_ CD on Em:t (1997)
• drum & bass track _Teleportation_ MP3 by Hive & UFO! off of _Maestrom_ MixCD on Vortex Recordings #13 (2001)

• alternative rock track _Space Travel In The Blink Of An Eye_ MP3 by Wellwater Conspiracy off of _Declaration Of Comformity_ on Third Gear (1997)

• noise jazz track _Transport Of Sorcerers_ MP3 (224k) by Pain Killer off of _Talisman: Live In Nagoya_ CD on Tzadik (2002)
• John Zorn - sax
• Mick Harris (Napalm Death) - drums
• Bill Laswell - bass

• 604 track _Teleport_ by Man With No Name off of _Classix_ compilation    on Dragonfly

•  sample: "Human teleportation, molecular decimation, breakdown, reformation, is inherently purging. It makes a man a king"   by Seth Brundle played by Jeff Goldblum  taken from the film _The Fly_ (vhs/ntsc) (1986) directed by David Cronenberg
   
 
• 604 track _Instant Delivery_ MP3 (192k) by Noma off of _A Better Life Through Chemistry_ compilation CD on Dragonfly (2002)
• 604 track _Teleport_ by Section K off of _Forest Of The Saints_ MixCD mixed by Goa Gil on Avatar/NMC (1998)

  

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