
ketchup
ketchup (kèch´ep,
kàch´-) also catchup (kàch´ep, kèch´-)
or catsup (kàt´sep, kàch´ep, kèch´-)
noun
A condiment consisting of
a thick, smooth-textured, spicy sauce usually made from tomatoes.
[Probably Malay kêchap, fish sauce, possibly from Chinese (Cantonese) kê-tsiap.]
Word History: The word ketchup
exemplifies the types of modifications that can take place in the borrowing
process,
both in the borrowing of a word and in the borrowing of a substance. The
source of our word ketchup may be the Malay word kêchap, possibly
taken into Malay from the Cantonese dialect of Chinese. Kêchap, like
our word, referred to a kind of sauce, but a sauce without tomatoes; rather,
it contained fish brine, herbs, and spices. The sauce seems to have emigrated
to Europe by way of sailors, where it was made with locally available ingredients
such as the juice of
mushrooms
or walnuts. At some point, when the juice of tomatoes was first used, ketchup
as we know it was born. However, it is important to realize that in the
18th and 19th centuries ketchup was a generic term for sauces whose only
common ingredient was vinegar. The word is first recorded in English in
1690 in the form catchup, in 1711 in the form ketchup, and in 1730 in the
form catsup. These three spelling variants of a foreign borrowing remain
current.
Food and Drink, 1876
Heinz's Tomato Ketchup is introduced by Pittsburgh's H. J. Heinz who joins with his brother and a cousin to establish F. and J. Heinz. Heinz packs pickles and other foods as well as the ketchup, which is 29 percent sugar.
H. J. Heinz erects an
electric
sign six stories high with 1,200
lights
to tell New Yorkers about the "57 Good Things for the Table" that include
Heinz tomato soup, tomato ketchup, sweet pickles, India relish, and peach
butter
Food and Drink, 1981
The U.S. Department of Agriculture responds to cuts in the school lunch program by announcing in September that ketchup can be counted as a vegetable. The public outcry forces President Reagan to restore funds for school lunches.
Each country has a different use for ketchup. The
most common uses of the condiment are: