
oscillate (òs´e-lât´)
verb, intransitive
oscillated, oscillating, oscillates
1. To swing back and forth with a
steady, uninterrupted rhythm.
2. To waver, as between conflicting
opinions or courses of action; vacillate: "The court has oscillated over the
decades from more liberal to less, more conservative to less, depending upon
who was president at the time of vacancies" (Gordon J. Humphrey).
3. Physics. To vary between alternate
extremes, usually within a definable period of time.
[Latin oscillâre, oscillât-,
from oscillum, swing, probably from oscillum, small mask of Bacchus, diminutive
of os, mouth.]
- os´cilla´tor noun
- os´cillato´ry (-le-tôr´ê,
-tor´ê) adjective
[Latin oscillâre, oscillât-,
from oscillum, swing, probably from oscillum, small mask of Bacchus, diminutive
of os, mouth.]
- os´cilla´tor
noun
- os´cillato´ry
(-le-tôr´ê, -tor´ê) adjective
Word History: The rather
dry word oscillate may become a bit less dry as we learn its story. It
is possible that it goes back to the Latin word oscillum, a diminutive
of os, "mouth," meaning "small mouth." In a passage in the Georgics, Virgil
applies the word to a small mask of Bacchus hung from trees to move back
and forth in the breeze. From this word oscillum may have come another
word oscillum, meaning "something, such as a swing, that moves up and down
or back and forth." And this oscillum was the source of the verb oscillâre,
"to ride in a swing," and the noun (from the verb) oscillâtio, "the
action of swinging or oscillating." The words have given us, respectively,
our verb oscillate, first recorded in 1726, and our noun oscillation, first
recorded in 1658. The next time one sees something oscillating, one might
think of that small mask of Bacchus swinging from a pine tree in the Roman
countryside.
Oscillators
Oscillators generally contain an amplifier and
some type of
feedback,
so that the output signal is fed back to the input of the amplifier. Oscillators
are used to produce audio and radio signals for a wide variety of purposes.
Simple audio-frequency oscillators are used to create tones in push-button
telephones.
Audio tones generated by oscillators are also found in alarm clocks, radios,
electronic organs, computers, and warning systems. High-frequency oscillators
are used in communications equipment and by radio and television stations
to produce transmitting
frequencies.
Oscillation
Oscillation, in physics,
chemistry, and engineering, repeated motion back and forth past a central
position, called the position of equilibrium. A single motion passing through
the central position twice is called a cycle. The frequency of oscillation
is the number of cycles per second, expressed as units called hertz (Hz).
The
force
that causes oscillation to stop is called damping.
Any oscillating object has
a natural frequency that it tends to settle into. A small
force
applied repeatedly to the object at this frequency can gradually increase
the amplitude (maximum displacement) of oscillation until it is very large.
This effect is called
resonance.
Sudden, violent oscillating motion,
known as flutter, can be dangerous. Such motion caused the spectacular collapse
of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Tacoma, Washington, in 1940. A gale wind blew
at a speed that enhanced the natural swaying frequency of the bridge.
The first "technology" corporation
to move into California's
Silicon
Valley was
Hewlett-Packard,
in 1938. Stanford University engineers Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard started
their company in a Palo Alto garage, with $1,538. Their first product
was an audio oscillator bought by Walt
Disney
Studios for use in making _Fantasia_

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