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Termites
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termite (tûr´mìt´)
noun
Any of numerous pale-colored,
usually soft-bodied social insects of the order Isoptera that live mostly
in warm regions and many species of which feed on wood, often destroying
trees and wooden structures. Also called white ant.
[New Latin Termes, genus name, from Late Latin termes, termit-, woodworm, alteration of Latin tarmes.]
Termite
Termite, common name for
numerous species of social insects that cause damage to wooden structures.
Most of the about 2000 known species are distributed in tropical countries,
although some inhabit North and South America and two species inhabit Europe.
Termites display patterns of social behavior that are almost as elaborate
as those of the ants, social
bees,
and wasps.
Termite Castes
Termite colonies, which may number from 100 to
more than 1 million termites, have several different castes of termites
with different functions in community life. Three principal castes exist:
the reproductives, the workers, and the soldiers. The reproductives, or
the king and queen, produce eggs. In some tropical species, the queen grows
to an enormous size, sometimes as much as 20,000 times the size of the
worker. A queen can lays eggs at a rate of about 30,000 a day in some species.
Apart from the reproductives, all castes are sterile and wingless and have
whitish bodies. The workers are the most numerous caste and are the smallest
adult form. Workers build the nest, tend the eggs, and feed and groom all
the other members of the community. All species have soldiers whose role
is to
defend
the colony.
Diet
Termites feed mainly on wood
or other materials containing cellulose. The cellulose is partially digested
by protozoans living
symbiotically
in the intestines of the worker. Enzymes produced by the protozoans break
the cellulose down into parts that can be digested by the termites. Some
species feed on vegetable molds that they cultivate.
Nests
The nests of certain tropical
species are huge moundlike structures, often 6 m (20 ft) in height. They
have hard walls constructed from bits of soil cemented with saliva and
baked by the
sun.
Inside are numerous chambers, interconnected by a complex
network
of passageways. Most termite species in the United States build their nests
underground. These termites are destructive, tunneling their way to wooden
structures into which they burrow to obtain food.
Scientific classification:
Termites make up the order Isoptera.